介绍： 2 The next outbreak? We're not ready
下一次疫情爆发？我们还没有准备好

TED：2015年3月
Speaker：Bill Gates ，比尔·盖茨，技术专家、慈善家。

00:00
In fact, let's look at a model of a virus spread through the air, like the Spanish Flu back in 1918. So here's what would happen: It would spread throughout the worl...

介绍： 2 The next outbreak? We're not ready
下一次疫情爆发？我们还没有准备好

TED：2015年3月
Speaker：Bill Gates ，比尔·盖茨，技术专家、慈善家。

00:00
In fact, let's look at a model of a virus spread through the air, like the Spanish Flu back in 1918. So here's what would happen: It would spread throughout the world very, very quickly. And you can see over 30 million people died from that epidemic. So this is a serious problem. We should be concerned.
事实上，让我们来看看一个病毒由空气传染的模型，像1918年的西班牙流感。疫情有可能像这样发展：病毒会以很快的速度向全世界蔓延。你可以看到全球有三千万人死于这个疾病。 这就是个很严重的问题。我们绝不应该忽视。

00:24
But in fact, we can build a really good response system. We have the benefits of all the science and technology that we talk about here. We've got cell phones to get information from the public and get information out to them. We have satellite maps where we can see where people are and where they're moving.We have advances in biology that should dramatically change the turnaround time to look at a pathogen and be able to make drugs and vaccines that fit for that pathogen. So we can have tools, but those tools need to be put into an overall global health system. And we need preparedness.
但事实上我们可以建立一个很好的反应系统。我们可以利用所有发展至今的科技和科学。我们可以用手机来收集信息和发布信息。我们有卫星地图可以看到人们在哪里和往哪移动。我们在生物学上也有进展，这可以大幅缩短我们找到病原的时间，并可以在很短的时间里找出解药和疫苗。所以我们是有工具的，但这些工具必须统合在一个全球健康系统下。此外我们必须处在准备好的状态。

01:00
The best lessons, I think, on how to get prepared are again, what we do for war. For soldiers, we have full-time, waiting to go. We have reserves that can scale us up to large numbers. NATO has a mobile unit that can deploy very rapidly. NATO does a lot of war games to check, are people well trained? Do they understand about fuel and logistics and the same radio frequencies? So they are absolutely ready to go. So those are the kinds of things we need to deal with an epidemic.
而我们如何做好准备，最好的例子还是来自于备战。对军人来说，他们是随时随地都准备好要投入战争的。我们还有预备军人，能使备战人口大量增加。北约组织有个机动小组，可以很快地行动起来。北约组织有很多战争游戏可以测试人员是否已训练有素？他们是否了解燃油，补给和相同的收音机频率？是的话，那么他们就已准备好了。这些就是面对疫情时我们该准备的事。

01:30
What are the key pieces? First, we need strong health systems in poor countries. That's where mothers can give birth safely, kids can get all their vaccines. But, also where we'll see the outbreak very early on. We need a medical reserve corps: lots of people who've got the training and background who are ready to go, with the expertise. And then we need to pair those medical people with the military. taking advantage of the military's ability to move fast, do logistics and secure areas. We need to do simulations, germ games, not war games, so that we see where the holes are. The last time a germ game was done in the United States was back in 2001, and it didn't go so well. So far the score is germs: 1, people: 0. Finally, we need lots of advanced R&D in areas of vaccines and diagnostics. There are some big breakthroughs, like the Adeno-associated virus, that could work very, very quickly.
关键的项目有哪些？第一，在贫穷的国家里必须有发达的卫生系统。母亲们可以安全地生小孩，小孩们可以接种疫苗。我们也可以在很早的阶段侦查到疫情的爆发。我们需要后备的医疗部队：还有很多训练有素的专业人员，随时准备好能带着他们专长到疫区。我们可以用军队来配合医护人员，利用军队移动迅速的特性，来进行后勤运输和维持安全。我们也需要进行一些情境模拟，不是进行战争游戏而是进行病菌游戏，看看防卫漏洞在哪。上一次的病菌游戏是在美国进行的，那是在2001年了，进行得也不是很顺利。前病菌得一分人类零分。最后我们在疫苗和病理学上还需要很多的研发工作。在某些方面例如腺相关病毒上，我们已经有了相当的突破，这可以在很短的时间内生效。

02:40
Now I don't have an exact budget for what this would cost, but I'm quite sure it's very modest compared to the potential harm. The World Bank estimates that if we have a worldwide flu epidemic, global wealth will go down by over three trillion dollars and we'd have millions and millions of deaths. These investments offer significant benefits beyond just being ready for the epidemic. The primary healthcare, the R&D, those things would reduce global health equity and make the world more just as well as more safe.
我目前没有明确的预算这到底需要多少钱，但是我确信跟损失比起来是比较便宜的。根据世界银行的估算，如果我们有流感的疫情暴发，全球经济会损失三万多亿美元。我们还会可能有千百万人员的死亡。跟仅仅只是准备好比起来，这些额外的投资会带来显著的益处。基础的卫生保健，研发，可以促进全球健康的平衡发展，让这个世界更健康更安全。

03:15
So I think this should absolutely be a priority. There's no need to panic. We don't have to hoard cans of spaghetti or go down into the basement. But we need to get going, because time is not on our side.
所以我觉得这非常重要重要。刻不容缓。不需要惊慌。我们不需要囤积面罐头或是躲到地下室去，但是我们必须急起直追，因为时间有限。

03:28
In fact, if there's one positive thing that can come out of the Ebola epidemic, it's that it can serve as an early warning, a wake-up call, to get ready. If we start now, we can be ready for the next epidemic.
事实上，要说这场埃博拉病毒的疫情带来了什么正面影响的话， 那就是提早响起了警报，让我们觉醒并做好准备。我们如果即刻开始准备，那么在下一场疫情来临前我们是可以准备好的。

Thank you