介绍： a personal plea for humanity at the US-MExico border
在美墨边境对人道主义的个人呼吁

简介：
在这次演讲中，作家兼学者的胡安·恩里克斯分享了发生在美墨边境移民危机中的故事。

00:00
This one's personal. I know what it's like to have the government say, "We're going to kill you in the morning." I know what it's lik...

介绍： a personal plea for humanity at the US-MExico border
在美墨边境对人道主义的个人呼吁

简介：
在这次演讲中，作家兼学者的胡安·恩里克斯分享了发生在美墨边境移民危机中的故事。

00:00
This one's personal. I know what it's like to have the government say, "We're going to kill you in the morning." I know what it's like to leave a country on six hours' notice and land on someone's couch. Because of that, I wrote a book on why countries do well and why they don't. Let me summarize 250 pages.
这是一个非常个人的演讲。我知道，当政府告诉你“我们明早就要把你杀了”的感觉，我知道，当被要求要在6小时内离开国家，以及睡在别人家沙发上是什么感觉。因为这些经历，我写了一本关于为什么有些国家治理得好而有些国家治理不好的书。让我来总结一下这250页。

00:27
Countries have to be compassionate, they have to be kind, they have to be smart, they have to be brave. Want to know what doesn't work? When you govern through fear and you govern through cruelty, it just doesn't work. You can play Genghis Khan for a while, you can play Stalin for a while, you can play Pinochet for a while. It does not work in the long run.
国家必须有同情心，他们必须善良，他们必须聪明，他们必须勇敢。想知道什么行不通吗？当你通过恐惧和残酷统治时，这就行不通。你可以扮演一会儿成吉思汗，你可以扮演一会儿斯大林，你可以扮演一会儿皮诺切特，但这都不能长久。

00:48
And it doesn't work in the long run because to govern through fear and cruelty, you have to create a division. You have to take big chunks of the country and convince them that they're not like them. That they shouldn't associate with them, they shouldn't talk to them.
这从长远来看是行不通的，因为要通过恐惧和残酷统治，你需要建立一条“鸿沟”。你需要占领大块土地，并且说服他们：你们和他们不一样。你们不应该和他们来往，你们不应该和他们说话。

01:04
That those people are nasty, those people are criminals, those people are rapists. And the country is in danger because of them. And if you spend millions of dollars doing that in your country, you will make enemies abroad, and you will create divisions within. And that has consequences.
这些人是令人厌恶的下等人，他们是罪犯，他们是强暴者。国家因为他们而身处危险。如果你花数百万在你国家做这事，你会在国外树敌，你会在国内制造分裂，这是有后果的。

01:26
Three quarters of the flags and the borders and the anthems around the United Nations today, they were not there a few decades ago. Those lines that are there today, those flags were created because somebody said, "the Scotts are not like us," "the Welsh are not like us," "the Basques are not like us," "the northern Italians are not like us," "the Muslims are not like us," the blacks, the whites, the Christians. You create "us versus them" ... you destroy nations.
今天的联合国，有3/4的国旗、国界和国歌在十几年前是没有的。如今，那些国界线的存在，那些旗帜的出现，是因为有人在说：“苏格兰人不像我们，”“威尔士人不像我们，”“巴斯克人不像我们，”“意大利北部人不像我们，”“穆斯林人不像我们，”你建立起“我们VS.他们”这一概念便可摧毁国家。

01:56
Part of the problem from creating us versus them is it's hard to do. What you have to do is you have to make people believe absurdities. And once people believe absurdities, then they start to commit atrocities. That's the dynamic of this thing. You can't create "us versus them" -- you can't have the massacres you had in Rwanda, you can't have the massacres you had in Yugoslavia -- unless if you create this dynamic.
建立“我们VS.他们”，有部分问题很难做到。你要做的是让大家相信荒诞谬论。一旦人们相信荒谬。这就是这件事的动力所在。你不能建立“我们VS.他们”，不然卢旺达不会发生大屠杀，卢旺达不会发生大屠杀，除非你建立这个动力因素。

02:24
Let me summarize current immigration policy. Let's deter "Them" by being as cruel as we can possibly be, and let's target their children. They are going after the children. You have US lawyers arguing that kids do not need soap or hugs or showers, adult help or a release date.
让我总结一下现行的移民政策。让我们尽可能残酷地阻止“他们”，并以他们的孩子为目标。 他们在针对孩子们啊。你有美国律师在辩论，孩子们不需要肥皂、拥抱或淋浴，大人的帮助或出狱日期。

02:47
Somebody gets pulled over for a broken tail light, who's worked here for 20 years, gets thrown into jail, maybe for life, with no legal representation. The terrorists that blew up the World Trade Center get lawyers. These kids, these parents, they don't get lawyers. Governments are telling some of the most desperate, hurt people on earth, "I took your child, pay me 800 dollars for a DNA test before you get it back." Three-year-olds are appearing in court.
有人在这里工作了20年，因为尾灯坏了，在路边被警察叫停，最终被送进监狱，如果没有法律代表的话，可能意味着终身监狱。炸毁世贸中心的恐怖分子请了律师。但那些孩子和父母，他们没有律师。政府对一些最绝望的人，最受伤害的人说，“我劫持了你的孩子，给我八百美金做亲子鉴定，我再把孩子还你。”于是，三岁的孩子出现在法庭上。

03:17
Look, we've all watched these courtroom dramas. And it's exciting, because the wise judge sits up there, and the defense lawyer attacks and the prosecutor counterattacks, and then you figure out how it's going to happen. I want you to understand what is happening right now.
我们都看过法庭剧。它很令人兴奋，因为明察善断的法官正襟危坐，被告律师辩护，检察官反击，于是你能猜测接下来的剧情。我想让你明白现在发生了什么。

03:36
Prosecutor's there -- it's the tough prosecutor. Accusing, attacking, on behalf of we the people. The judge is up there, Judge Muckety-muck, with his black robes, and he's questioning the defendant from up there. And the defendant is three years old and the eyes don't reach the side of the table. The defendant does not speak the language.
检察官在那里——是个强硬的检察官。代表我们人民，进行指控、辩论。高高在上的法官，官高爵显，穿着黑色长袍，在高台上质问着被告人。被告人，三岁，眼睛还不及桌边，不会说英语。

04:07
The earphones for the translator have fallen off the defendant's head, because there are no headphones for three-year-olds in US courtrooms, because they are not supposed to defend themselves. This makes a mockery of justice, it makes a mockery of the prosecution system, it makes a mockery of who we are as a nation.
翻译的耳机从被告人头上掉下来，因为美国法庭没有适合三岁儿童的耳机，因为他们不应该为自己辩护。这是对司法审判的嘲弄，这是对公诉制度的嘲弄，这是对我们作为一个国家的嘲弄。

04:29
These are absurdities. These are atrocities. this i-s unbelievable. And we're looking at a bunch of statistics, but I want you to understand, this i-s happening to the housekeeper who brought up your kids. This i-s happening to the gardener who took care of your house. This i-s happening to the guy who washed the dishes in the fancy restaurant you went to l-a-s-t week. This i-s happening to the people who deliver the newspaper in the mornings.
这些都是荒谬的。这些都是暴行。这是难以置信的。我们看着大量统计数据，但我想让你明白，这发生在抚养你孩子的管家身上。这发生在帮你打理房子的园丁身上。这发生在你上周去的高级餐厅里的洗碗工身上。这发生在今早给你送报纸的人身上。

05:00
T-h-i-s i-s your community, these are the people who have lived side by side with you. Treated you well, treated you with respect, taken care of your kids, taken care of your grandparents. this i-s Luis, this i-s Laura, this i-s Jaime. this i-sn't some abstract, "Oh, it's happening at the border" -- this i-s happening in our community, right now.
这是你的社区，这些是和你们住在一起的人，对你很好，尊重你，照顾你的孩子，照顾你的祖父母。这是路易斯，这是劳拉，这是杰米。这不是什么抽象的个别情况，“哦，这发生在国界线”——这正发生在你的社区，就是现在。

05:25
And the danger in this stuff is once you start normalizing absurdities and atrocities, people think that those instruments are legitimate. So you get school boards sending out letters like this: "Dear Parent, because your kid owes lunch money to the cafeteria, the result may be that your child will be taken away and put in foster care."
这其中的危险是，你一旦常规化这些荒谬和暴行，人们便会认为这些处理方式是合理合法的。所以学校董事会会发出这样的信件：“亲爱的父母，因为你的孩子欠自助餐厅午餐钱，所以他可能会被带走，送到寄养家庭。”

05:45
T-h-i-s i-s going out from school boards because people think, "Well, that seems to be an instrument of deterrence."When you board an airplane, before kids, before first class, soldiers in uniform board. Some of them are immigrants.
这是从学校董事会出来的，因为人们认为，“好吧，这似乎是一种威慑手段。”当你登机的时候，在孩子和头等舱旅客之前，身着制服的士兵优先登机。其中有些是移民。

06:08
Here's a contract: join the army, serve your term, be honorably discharged, get citizenship. We are rescinding those contracts after they have been signed. And if those soldiers are killed in action, we are deporting their wives, and sometimes, their children.
这是一份合同：参军，任职服务，光荣退伍，获得公民身份。在他们签订合同后，我们开始千方百计解除它。如果那些士兵在战斗中被杀，我们就把他们的妻子驱逐出境，有时包括他们的孩子。

06:27
These are the people who protect us. These are the people that we honor. These are the brave. And this i-s how we're treating them. These are not the people who cross the border illegally.Once you start allowing this kind of behavior, it normalizes into a society, and it rips the society apart.
这些是保护我们的人。这些是我们尊敬的人。这些都是勇敢的人。我们就是这样对待他们的。这些人不是非法越境的人。可你一旦允许该行为的“非法性”，它将会被社会常规化，把社会搞得四分五裂。

06:46
Countries are built on the hard work and grit of immigrants; we are all immigrants. We just came at different times.Fifty-five percent of this country's main businesses, the most successful businesses in this country, the unicorns, are built by people who came as foreign students or as immigrants, and they're the founders or the cofounders.
国家是建立在移民的辛苦工作和勇气之上的；我们都是移民。我们只是在不同的时间来的。这个国家55%的主要公司，国内那些最成功的公司，那些天子骄子，都是由这些外国学生或移民创办或共同创办的。

07:09
Well, here's what's happened over the l-a-s-t three years to the best brains in the world. Forty-two percent of them did not get visas or chose not to get visas. this i-s how you wipe out an economy.this i-sn't about kids and borders. It's about us. this i-s about who we are, who we the people are, as a nation and as individuals. this i-s not an abstract debate.
但在过去三年里，世界最强大脑们的真正待遇是：其中42%的人没有qz，或者选择不申请qz。这就是你如何打击经济的。这无关孩子和国界，这关于我们。在一个国家和无数个人层面上，这关乎我们是谁，关乎我们人民是谁。这不是抽象的辩论。

07:39
A lot of us like to think if we had been back when Hitler was rising to power, we would have been out in the street, we would have opposed him, we would have stopped Mengele. A lot of us like to think, if we had been around during the '60s, we would have been with the Freedom Riders.We would have been at that bridge in Selma.
我们很多人喜欢想，如果我们身处希特勒掌权的时候，我们肯定会走上街头，我们肯定会反对他，我们肯定会阻止门格勒。我们很多人都喜欢想，如果我们身处上个世纪60年代，我们必将出现在自由乘车运动者的队伍中，我们会出现在赛尔马桥的游街人群中。

08:00
Well, guess what? Here's your chance. It's now.And as you're thinking about this stuff, it's not just the giant acts, it's not just go and block the bridge or chain yourself to something. It's what you do in your daily lives. The Harvard Art Museum just opened a show on how artists think about immigration and building a home somewhere else. And people come out of that show and they're pretty shaken.
你猜怎么着？这是你的机会。就是现在。当你在想这件事的时候，这不仅是个壮举，这不仅是去堵塞那座桥，或是把你自己捆绑在某个东西上，而应该是你每天都在做的事情。哈佛美术馆刚举办了一个特展，是关于艺术家们对移民以及在其他地方安居的想法。看完展览的观众都表示很震撼。

08:28
There was a blank wall at the end. And the curators did something that usually doesn't happen -- they improvised. They drew four lines, and put in two words: "I belong." So you come out of this exhibit, and you can take a picture in front of it.
展览最后有一面白墙，策展人做了一件不同寻常的事：即兴创作。他们画了四条线，写上两个字：“我属于。”所以当你看完展览出来的时候，你可以在墙前拍照。

08:43
I can't tell you the impact that has on people -- I watched people come out of this, and some of them sat in front of that picture, took a picture, and they had a great, big grin on their face, and some people just had tears. Some people hugged and brought in strangers, others brought in their family.
我无法告诉你这对于人们有多大影响。我看到人们出来，他们中的一些人坐在那张照片前，拍了张照片，脸上露出灿烂的笑容，有些人只是流泪。有些人相拥，把陌生人揽入臂弯，其他人把家人纳入怀中。

09:03
Small acts of kindness go a long, long, long way. There is pain going on in your community like you cannot believe. So next time you're with a cab driver who may be one of "Them," according to certain people, give that person an extra five bucks.
小小的善举，却能持续那么久，那么久。你无法相信，在你的社区，疼痛正在上演。所以下次打车，对某些人来说是“他们”中一员的司机，多给他一些零钱。

09:21
Next time you see a hotel maid, thank her and tip her double. Next time you see your gardener, you see your nanny, you see somebody like this, give them a great, big hug, and tell them they belong. Make them feel like they belong.
下次你看到酒店打扫人员，记得感谢她，多给她些小费。下次你看到家中园丁，看到你家保姆，看到任何一个类似处境的人，给他们一个大大的拥抱，并告诉他们“你属于这里”，让他们感到“我们属于这里”。

09:38
It's time for big policies, but it's also time for big acts of kindness. Because we have to reclaim who we are, we have to reclaim this nation. And we cannot sit there and watch this shit going on.This has got to stop, it's got to stop now.
是时候制定重大政策了，也是时候做出巨大善举了。因为我们必须回归本我，我们必须把这个国家恢复原样。我们不能坐以待毙看着这个“鸿沟”一直加深。这个必须停止，现在必须停止！

Thank you.