介绍： 00:00
My name is Amy Padnani, and I'm an editor on the obituaries desk at the "New York Times." Or, as some friends call me, the angel of death.In fact, people will ask me, "Isn't it depressing, working on obituaries and thinking about death all the time?
我叫艾米·帕德纳尼，我是《纽约时报》讣文的编辑，或者，...

介绍： 00:00
My name is Amy Padnani, and I'm an editor on the obituaries desk at the "New York Times." Or, as some friends call me, the angel of death.In fact, people will ask me, "Isn't it depressing, working on obituaries and thinking about death all the time?
我叫艾米·帕德纳尼，我是《纽约时报》讣文的编辑，或者，有些朋友会称我为死亡天使。事实上，大家会问我，做讣文的工作，时时刻刻想着死亡，不会让人沮丧吗？

00:19
" But you know what I tell them? Obits aren't about death, they're about life, they're interesting, they're relatable. Often about something you never knew. Recently, for example, we had the obit for the inventor of the sock puppet.
但是你知道我怎么回答他们吗？讣文不是关于死亡，而是关于生命，它们有趣，能让人体会。通常是关于一些你永远不会知道的事。比如，最近我们有一个关于玩偶发明者的讣文。

00:35
Everyone knows what a sock puppet is, but have you ever thought about who created it, or what their life was like? Obits are a signature form of journalism. An art form, if you will. It's an opportunity for a writer to weave the tale of a person's life into a beautiful narrative.
大家都知道袜子玩偶，但是你们曾经想过是谁发明的吗？或者他们的生活是怎样的？讣文是极具新闻报道特色的文体。作为一种艺术形式，如果作者想，他完全有机会把一个人的生活写成一个美丽的故事。

00:53
Since 1851, the "New York Times" has published thousands of obituaries. For heads of state, famous celebrities, even the person who came up with the name on the Slinky. There's just one problem. Only a small percentage of them chronicle the lives of women and people of color. That's the impetus behind a project I created called "Overlooked," which tells the stories of marginalized groups of people who never got an obit.
自1851年来，纽约时报已经刊登了数以万计的讣文，元首、名人、甚至是为螺旋弹簧取名Slinky的人。这里也存在一个问题，就是仅有一小部分讣文记录了妇女和有色人种的生活，这是我创造“被忽视”项目的背后动机，讲诉那些没有讣文的人的故事。

01:23
It's a chance for the newspaper to revisit its 168-year existence and fill in the gaps for people who were, for whatever reason, left out. It's a chance to right the wrongs of the past, and to refocus society's lens on who is considered important.
对于报社而言，这是个回温它168年历史的机会，以及把那些无论因为什么原因而被遗忘的人补起来的机会。这是个修正过去的错误的机会，去重新调整社会焦点，重新思考谁才是重要的。

01:42
I came up with the idea when I first joined Obituaries in 2017. The Black Lives Matter movement was at a rolling boil, and the conversation on gender inequality had just started bubbling up again. And at the same time, I wondered, as a journalist and as a woman of color, what could I do to help advance this conversation.
当我在2017年刚加入讣文团队时，我就提出了这个想法。当时“黑人命也是命”的活动正在如火如荼的展开，关于性别不平等的谈话又开始冒出来。与此同时，作为一名记者和有色人种女性，我想知道，我要怎么做才能帮助他们？

02:00
People were coming out of the shadows to tell stories of injustices that they had faced, and I could feel their pain. So I noticed we would get these emails, sometimes, from readers, saying, "Hey, why don't you have more women and people of color in your obituaries?" And I thought, "Yeah, why don't we?"
大家开始走出阴影，去说出他们遭遇过的不公平，我能感受到他们的痛苦。所以，我注意到，有时我们会收到来自读者的邮件，里面写道：“嘿，为什么你们不刊登更多有关女性和有色人种的讣文？”然后我想：“是的，为什么我们不呢？”

02:20
Since I was new to the team, I asked my colleagues, and they said, "Well, the people who are dying today are from a generation when women and people of color weren't invited to the table to make a difference. Perhaps in a generation or two, we'll start to see more women and people of color in our obituaries." That answer just wasn't satisfying at all. I wanted to know: Where are all the dead women?
因为我是团队的新成员，我跑去问我的同事，他们说：“现今过世的许多女性，他们都来自一个女性和有色人种不受欢迎的年代。可能在一两代人后，我们的讣文会开始关注到更多的女性和有色人种。”这个答案一点也不令人满意。我想知道：死掉的女性都去哪儿了？

02:45
So I started thinking about how we hear about people who have died, right? Number one way is through reader submissions. And so I thought, "Well, what if we were to look at international newspapers or scour social media?" It was around this time when ... Everything was swirling in my mind, and I came across a website about Mary Outerbridge.
所以，我开始思考，我们是如何得知人的死讯的？第一种方式是通过文字。我又思考“好，如果我们去看看国际性的报纸或搜寻社交媒体会如何呢？”就在这个时候，我脑中出现了许多想法，我偶然看见了一个关于玛丽·奥特布里奇的网站。

03:07
She was credited with introducing tennis to America in 1874. And I thought, wow, one of the biggest sports in America was introduced by a woman? Does anyone even know that? And did she get a New York Times obituary? Spoiler alert -- she did not.
1874年网球被引入美国是她的功劳。我心想，哇，美国最盛行的运动之一，竟是由女性引入的？有人知道这件事吗？《纽约时报》有刊她的讣文吗？剧透警报-她没有。

03:25
So then I wondered who else we missed. And it sent me on this deep dive through the archives. There were some surprises. The pioneering journalist Ida B. Wells, who started the campaign against lynching. The brilliant poet Sylvia Plath. Ada Lovelace, a mathematician now recognized as the first computer programmer.
接着，我想还有其他什么人被遗漏了。为此，我开始查档案资料库。有一些惊喜，先驱记者艾达·威尔斯，她发起了反对私刑的运动。出色的诗人希薇娅·普拉斯，现在被公认首位电脑程式设计师的数学家爱达·勒芙蕾丝。

03:49
So I went back to my team and I said, "What if we were to tell their stories now?" It took a while to get buy-in. There was this concern that, you know, the newspaper might look bad because it didn't get it right the first time. It was also a little weird to sort of look back at the past, rather than cover news stories of our day.
我回去告诉我的团队：“如果我们现在来诉说她们的故事会如何？”这花了一点时间才说服他们。你们知道的，大家都会担心报社可能会难堪，因为它在第一次时没有做好。同样，回看过去而不是报道现今的故事似乎显得有点怪。

04:10
But I said, "Guys, I really think this is worthwhile." And once my team saw the value in it, they were all in. And so, with the help of a dozen writers and editors, we launched on March 8, 2018, with the stories of 15 remarkable women.
但是我说，“各位，我真的认为这很值得。”我的团队看到了它的价值，他们全都加入了。所以，在十多名作家和编辑的协助下，我们在2018年3月8日刊登了十五位杰出女性的故事。

04:26
And while I knew that the work my team was doing was powerful, I didn't expect the response to be equally powerful. I had hundreds of emails. They were from people who said, "Thank you for finally giving these women a voice." They were from readers who said, "I cried on my way to work, reading these stories, because I felt seen for the first time."
虽然我知道我的团队所做的事很伟大，但是我没有想到反响会这么好。我收到数百封邮件，他们说“谢谢你，终于有人为这些女性发声了。”来信的读者说，“我在上班的路上，边读这些故事边哭，因为这是我第一次感到被看见。”

04:48
And they were from colleagues of mine, who said, "I never thought a woman of color would be allowed to achieve something like this at the 'New York Times.'" I also got about 4,000 reader submissions suggesting who else we might have overlooked. And some of those are my favorite stories in the project.
我的同事来信，说“我从未想过有色人种女性可以被允许在纽约时报达成这样的成就”。我同样还收到来自四千个读者的建议，这些我们可能忽略掉的人。

05:06
My all-time favorite is Grandma Gatewood. She survived 30 years of domestic violence at the hands of her husband. One day, he beat her so badly, beyond recognition, he even broke a broomstick over her head, and she threw flour in his face in response. But when the police arrived, they arrested her, not him.
其中我最喜欢的是盖茨伍德奶奶，她在她丈夫手里经受了30年的家暴。有一次，他打她打得极其严重，打到无意识，甚至用帚柄打她的头，打到帚柄断掉，于是她朝他丢买面粉。但是，当警察到的时候，他们逮捕了她而不是他。

05:28
The mayor saw her in jail and took her into his own home until she could get back on her feet. Then, one day, she read this article in "National Geographic" about how no woman had ever hiked the Appalachian Trail in its entirety alone. And she said, "You know what? I'm going to do it." Reporters caught wind of the old grandma who is hiking through the woods.
市长到监狱里看她，把她带回他自己家中，直到她能站起来。然后，有一天，她在《国家地理》杂志上读到一篇关于没有任何女性曾经单独健行走完过阿帕拉契小径的文章。她说，“你知道吗？我将要去做它。”记者捕捉到一位老人将要健行穿越森林的风声。

05:49
And at the finish, they asked her, "How did you survive so rough a place?" But they had no idea what she had survived before that. So, "Overlooked" has become wildly successful. It's becoming a TV show now, on Netflix. I cannot wait to see this thing come to life. Something like 25 different publishers have reached out to me with interest in turning "Overlooked" into a book.
在终点，记者问她，“你是怎么在如此艰难的地方活下来的？”但是他们不知道她在这之前经历了什么。所以，“被忽视”项目已经大获成功。现在，它即将变成一个在网上传播的电视节目。我迫不及待想看到它推出。比如已经有25个不同的出版商来找我，说有兴趣将“被忽视”项目出版成书。

06:20
All of this clearly shows how timely and necessary this project is. It's also a reminder of how newspapers document what's happening in our world every single day, and we have to make sure not to leave out key people. That's why, even though it's been so meaningful to look back in the past, I'm plagued with the lingering question: "What about the future of obituaries -- how do I diversify those?" That was my original problem, right?
这一切都显示，这个项目推出得很是时候，且非常有必要。它也提醒我们，报纸是如何记录我们世界每天发生的事情，我们必须确保没有重要人物被遗漏。这就是为什么即使我认为回顾过去很有意义但仍然在不停思考“讣文的未来是什么？我如何做到多元化？”的原因，这是我最初的问题，对吗？

06:45
So to start answering this question, I wanted to gather some information. I went down to the sub-sub-basement level of the New York Times Building, to the archives. We call it the morgue. And I asked for some guidance from our archivist there. He pointed me to a book called "New York Times Obituaries Index."
为了回答这个问题，我想要收集一些信息。我跑到纽约时报大楼地下室之下再下两层，去档案库。我们称之为停尸房，我从档案管理员那里寻求指引。他向我指了一本叫“纽约时报讣文索引”的书。

07:07
So we handed it to the New York Genealogical Society, and they digitized it for us. And then a programmer wrote up a program that scanned all those headlines for "Mr.," Mrs.," "Lady," "Sir," all the sort of gender-defining terms. And what we found was that from 1851 to 2017, only about 15 to 20 percent of our obits were on women. So next, I worked with a programmer to build this tool, called the diversity analysis tool.
所以我们把它交给了纽约族谱学会，他们帮我们做了电子版。然后，程序员写了一个程序，扫描了所有那些标题名为“先生”“夫人”“女士”“先生”，所有与性别相关的词。我们所发现的是，从1851年到2017年，我们的讣文仅仅只有15%-20%是关于女性。所以，接下来，我和一名程序设计师合作，建造了一个多样性分析的工具。

07:34
It's a very dry name, but bear with me, it's super helpful. It breaks down the percentage of our obits month to month, women to men. OK, if that doesn't sound like much to you, this is how I used to calculate it before. So I asked this programmer to program in a goal, and that goal was 30 percent. From the year of "Overlooked's" launch, March of 2018, to March of 2019, I was hoping we could get to 30 percent of our obits on women.
这是个很枯燥的名字，但容忍一下，非常有帮助。它能将我们的讣文细分成每个月，女性和男性，并计算百分比。好吧，可能你听起来不太像，但我以前就是这样计算的。所以，我请程序师把目标值写进程序，这个目标就是30%。从“被忽视”项目推出的那一年开始，即从2018年3月到2019年3月，我希望我们能达成30%的讣文是关于女性。

08:02
It was a number we hadn't achieved in a 168 years, and I'm happy to say we did it -- we got to 31 percent. It's awesome, but it's not enough. Next we're hoping to get to 35 percent, and then 40 percent, until we achieve parity. And then I'm hoping to partner with this programmer again, to build a similar tool to measure people of color in our obits.
这是168年来我们都没达到的数字，我很高兴告诉各位我们做到了，我们达到了31%。这很棒，但还不足够。接下来我们希望达到35%，然后40%，直到男女比例相等。然后我希望我还能与这个程序师合作创造一个类似的工具，去测量我们讣文中有关有色人种的讣文。

08:25
That was something I wanted to do with "Overlooked" too, to include men of color, and I finally got to do it with a special section for Black History Month, where we told the stories of about a dozen black men and women. Again, it was a really powerful experience. Many of these people had been slaves or were a generation removed from slavery.
这也是我想在“被忽视”项目里做的，去包含男性有色人种，而我最终也做到了，为“黑人历史月”创办了一个特别栏目，主要讲诉关于十多名黑人男性和女性的故事。再一次，这是个非常好的经验。这些人中很多是奴隶，或者是从奴隶制过来的一代人。

08:44
A lot of them had to make up stories about their past just to get ahead in life. And there were these patterns of their struggles that came up again and again. Elizabeth Jennings, for instance, had to fight for her right to ride on segregated street cars in New York City -- a hundred years before Rosa Parks did the exact same thing with buses. It was just a reminder of how far we've come, and how much more we still have left to do.
他们中许多人为了在生活中出人头地，不得不编造他们过去的故事。他们的挣扎有着相同的模式，一而再再而三的出现。例如，伊丽萨白·詹宁斯她不得不为自己在纽约市乘坐隔离街道车的权利而斗争——早在一百年前，罗莎·帕克斯对公共汽车做过同样的事。它只是在提醒，我们已经走了多远，我们还有多少事要做。

09:10
"Overlooked" is including other marginalized people as well. Recently, we had the obit for the computer programmer Alan Turing. Believe it or not, this brilliant man never got an obituary, even though his work decoding German messages during World War II helps end the war. Instead, he died a criminal for his sexual orientation, and he was forced to endure chemical castration.
“被忽视”也正在包括其他被边缘化的人。最近，我们为程序员艾伦·图灵准备了讣文。不管你信不信，这位才华横溢的人从未被刊上讣文，即使在二战期间，因为他写的程式破解了德国的加密信息而协助了战争的结束。相反，他因为性取向被迫忍受化学阉割，而以罪犯的身份死去。

09:35
Great things, like this obits project, do not come easily. There were a lot of fits and starts as I worked hard to convince people it was worth getting it off the ground. There were moments when I faced great self-doubt. I wondered if I was crazy or if I was all alone, and if I should just give up. When I've seen the reaction to this project, I know I'm not at all alone. There's so many people who feel the way I do.
伟大的事情，像讣文项目，来得都不容易。当我努力试图说服大家这个项目很值得推行时，也遇到过很多挫折。也有强烈怀疑自己的时候。我想知道我是否疯了或者是否孤立无援，我是否应该放弃。当我看到这个项目的回应时，我知道我并不孤单。有那么多人和我一样的感觉。

10:00
And so yeah, not many people think about obituaries. But when you do, you realize they're a testament to a human life. They're the last chance to talk about somebody's contribution on the world. They were also an example of who society deemed important. A hundred years from now, somebody could be looking into the past to see what our time was like.
没错，很少人想到讣告。但是，当你这么做的时候，你知道它们是人类生活的记录者。它们是谈论人们对这个世界的贡献的最后一次机会。他们也是社会认为谁重要的一个例子。一百年后，有人可能会回顾过去，看看我们的时代是怎样的。

10:22
I'm lucky, as a journalist, to have been able to have used this form of storytelling to help shift a narrative. I was also able to get an established institution to question its own status quo. Little by little, I'm hoping I can keep doing this work,and continue refocusing society's lens so that n-o-b-o-d-y else gets overlooked.
我很幸运，作为一名记者，我能够使用说故事的方式来协助转变说故事的方式。我同样能够让一家有信誉的机构去质疑它自己的现况。我希望我能一点一点继续进行这项工作，继续改变社会焦点。以此，不要让任何人被忽视。