介绍： 1 want to be more creative?go for a walk
想要变得更加有创造力吗?不妨去散散步!

speaker:Marily Oppezzo，马丽莉·奥佩佐，研究身体的运动如何影响心灵的运动。

00:00
The creative process -- you know this -- from the first idea to the final product, is a long process. It's super-iterative, lots of refinement, blood,...

介绍： 1 want to be more creative?go for a walk
想要变得更加有创造力吗?不妨去散散步!

speaker:Marily Oppezzo，马丽莉·奥佩佐，研究身体的运动如何影响心灵的运动。

00:00
The creative process -- you know this -- from the first idea to the final product, is a long process. It's super-iterative, lots of refinement, blood, sweat, tears and years. And we're not saying you're going to go out for a walk and come back with the Sistine Chapel in your left hand.
众所周知，创意过程从第一个想法冒出来到到最终产品是一个很长的过程。需要超级多的反复迭代，无数的改进，血汗，泪水和时间。我们讨论的并不是，你出去散个步， 左手就可以带着西斯廷教堂（的设计）回来。

00:20
So what frame of the creative process did we focus on? Just this first part. Just brainstorming, coming up with a new idea. We actually ran four studies with a variety of people. You were either walking indoors or outdoors. And all of these studies found the same conclusion. I'm only going to tell you about one of them today.
那么我们关注的是创意过程的哪个环节？就是这第一部分。去做头脑风暴，产生新点子。 我们针对一些不同的人做过四项研究，包括了进行户外和室内散步的群体。所有的这些研究都得出了相同的结论。我今天只打算告诉你们其中一个例子。

00:41
One of the tests we used for creativity was alternate uses. In this test, you have four minutes. Your job is to come up with as many other ways to use common everyday objects as you can think of.
我们做创意研究的其中一个测试是替代使用。在这个测试中，你有4分钟的时间要想出尽可能多的方法去使用生活中你所能想到的日常事物。

00:53
So, for example, what else would you do with a key, other than to use it for opening up a lock? Clearly, you could use it as a third eyeball for a giraffe, right? Maybe. That's sort of interesting, kind of new.But is it creative?
比如，除了开门外，你还能用钥匙做什么？ 显然，你还可以它来当作长颈鹿的第三只眼睛，没错吧？ 或许如此。诸如此类好玩的新使用方法，算是创意吗？

01:08
So people came up with as many ideas as they could, and we had to decide: Is this creative or not?The definition of creativity that a lot of people go with is "appropriate novelty." For something to be appropriate, it has to be realistic, so unfortunately, you can't use a key as an eyeball. Boo!
虽然人们想出了各种各样的主意，而我们需要判断，这是不是创意？很多人对创意的定义是 “适用的新奇”。要让事情变得适用，就需要实用。但不幸的是，你无法将钥匙当眼球使用。 这不算数。

01:28
But "novel," the second thing, is that nobody had to have said it. So for us, it had to be appropriate first, and then for novelty, nobody else in the entire population that we surveyed could have said it.
而第二点，新奇，是指之前没有人提到过。所以对我们而言，这首先得适用，然后是新奇， 已知的地球人都没有想到这个。

01:41
So you might think you could use a key to scratch somebody's car, but if somebody else said that, you didn't get credit for it. Neither of you did. However, only one person said this: "If you were dying and it were a murder mystery, and you had to carve the name of the murderer into the ground with your dying words." One person said this.
所以如果你说可以用钥匙来刮花别人的车，但如果已经有人说过了，就不够新奇了。你们都不算。然而，只有其中一个人这样说: “假如你快要死去，而且是被谋杀的，你就可以（用钥匙）把遗嘱和凶手的名字一起刻在地上。” 有个人就是这样说。

02:03
And it's a creative idea, because it's appropriate and it's novel.You either did this test and came up with ideas while you were seated or while you were walking on a treadmill.They did the test twice, with different objects.
所以这是一个创造性的想法， 因为适用而且新奇。你参与这个测试的时候是可以是坐着的， 也可以是在跑步机上走步。他们做了这个测试两次，每次都针对不同的人群。

02:17
Three groups: the first group sat first and then sat again for the second test. The second group sat first and then did the second test while walking on a treadmill. The third group -- and this is interesting -- they walked on the treadmill first, and then they sat.
三个组，第一组第一次坐着回答， 第二次测试也是坐着回答。 第二组，第一次先坐着，第二次则在跑步机上走着。第三组，就比较有意思了，他们第一次先在跑步机上走，然后再坐下回答问题。

02:35
OK, so the two groups that sat together for the first test, they looked pretty similar to each other, and they averaged about 20 creative ideas per person. The group that was walking on the treadmill did almost twice as well.
那么两个先坐着测试的小组，他们的想法彼此差异不大，每个人平均有20个创意。那个在跑步机上行走的小组几乎想出了两倍的创意。