介绍： To Autumn
BY JOHN KEATS

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell t...

介绍： To Autumn
BY JOHN KEATS

Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.

Who hath not see n thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,
Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.

Where are the songs of spring? Ay, Where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,—
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river sallows, borne aloft
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.

秋颂
约翰·济慈

雾气洋溢，果实圆熟的秋，
你和成熟的太阳成为友伴；
你们密谋用累累的珠球，
缀满茅檐下的葡萄藤蔓；
使屋前的老树背负着苹果，
让熟味透进果实的心中，
使葫芦胀大，鼓起了榛子壳，
好塞进甜核；又为了蜜蜂
一次一次开放过迟的花朵，
使它们以为日子将永远暖和，
因为夏季早填满它们黏巢。

谁不经常看见你伴着谷仓？
在田野里也可以把你找到，
你有时随意坐在打麦场上，
让发丝随着簸谷的风轻飘；
有时候，为罂粟花香所沉迷，
你倒卧在收割一半的田垄，
让镰刀歇在下一畦的花旁；
或者，像拾穗人越过小溪，
你昂首背着谷袋，投下倒影，
或者就在榨果架下坐几点钟，
你耐心地瞧着徐徐滴下的酒浆。

啊．春日的歌哪里去了？但不要
想这些吧，你也有你的音乐——
当波状的云把将逝的一天映照，
以胭红抹上残梗散碎的田野，
这时啊，河柳下的一群小飞虫
就同奏哀音，它们忽而飞高，
忽而下落，随着微风的起灭；
而群羊在山圈里高声默默咩叫；
篱下的蟋蟀在歌唱，在园中
红胸的知更鸟就群起呼哨；
丛飞的燕子在天空呢喃不歇。
（查良铮译）

1. The writing of “To Autumn”
-The poem was written while Keats was walking near Winchester along the River Itchen.
-He described the impression of the scene which inspired him to write “To Autumn”: "How beautiful the season is now – How fine the air… Somehow a stubble plain looks warm – in the same way that some pictures look warm – this struck me so much in my Sunday's walk that I composed upon it.
-The poem marks the final moment of Keat’s career as a poet as he later faced financial problems, health issues and personal responsibilities (to care for his sick brother).
-The poem was composed in 1819. Keats died in 1821 at the age of 25.

《秋颂》的写作

这首《秋颂》是约翰·济慈沿着英格兰的伊钦河在温彻斯特附近散步时写下的。在给朋友的信件中，他提到了写作《秋颂》的灵感：
“现在的季节是多么美啊——空气多么美好……不知怎么，残梗散落的田野看上去也很温暖——就像画一样令人感到温暖——周日在散步时看到了这番景象，立刻就震撼到了我，因此便写下了这首诗。”
这首《秋颂》也许是济慈诗人生涯的最后一首诗。他之后不得不为了生计、健康和照顾家人而逐渐远离写诗。
《秋颂》作于1819年，而济慈于1821年去世，当时仅25岁。

2. Structure
-The poem consists of three stanzas.
-Keats merges three phases of autumn with different times of a day.

First stanza: Early autumn (late summer) – early morning
E.g. maturing sun, they think warm days will never cease, season of mists

Second stanza: Middle autumn – afternoon
e.g. half reaped furrow, gleaner

Third stanza: Late autumn – evening
e.g. stubble plain, soft-dying day, rosy hue

《秋颂》的结构
这首诗由三个诗节组成，每一节描绘了秋天的某个时刻，也对应了一天中的某个时间段。诗人将早秋、中秋、晚秋融合进了一天的时间里。
第一节描绘了早秋夏末的场景，对应的时间是清晨。用“成熟的太阳”，“使它们以为日子将永远暖和”暗示了早秋和夏末，而“薄雾”则提示了此刻是清晨。
第二节写的则是中秋收获季节，对应的时间是下午。用“收割到一半的田垄”和“拾穗人”提示这两个时间段。
第三节则是晚秋场景，对应的是傍晚黄昏时分。诗人用“当波状的云把将逝的一天映照，
以胭红抹上残梗散碎的田野”来描绘此刻的美景。

3. Poetical techniques
-Keats uses a number of words with consonants to create a sense of peacefulness
e.g. /s/, /m/, /f/ in “season of mists and mellow fruitfulness”
/b/, /f/, /m/,/s/ in “Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun”
-A combination of monosyllabic words and long vowel words are used to control the pace of the poem.
e.g. “while barred clouds bloom the soft dying day”
“ With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run”

《秋颂》中的诗歌技巧
济慈的《秋颂》被誉为最完美的英语短诗之一。其中的诗歌技巧也非常值得品味。
例如，济慈用了一系列辅音开头的单词来营造出静谧平和的氛围。如“season of mists and mellow fruitfulness”，Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun”
诗歌整体的节奏较为缓慢，但又不显得单调乏味，这是因为济慈结合了发音较短的单音节词和长元音单词，来控制诗歌的节奏和韵律。