介绍： 2 how a male contraception pill could work
男性避孕药如何起效

Speaker:John Amory，约翰·阿莫里，正在领导男性避孕、男性不孕症和高血压的新选择的研究。

0:00:
why?turns out that men make a lot of *.men make a thousand * every second and to have an effective contraceptive,you need to get that level of * productio...

介绍： 2 how a male contraception pill could work
男性避孕药如何起效

Speaker:John Amory，约翰·阿莫里，正在领导男性避孕、男性不孕症和高血压的新选择的研究。

0:00:
why?turns out that men make a lot of *.men make a thousand * every second and to have an effective contraceptive,you need to get that level of * production down to one percent of its normal value.the good news is,this is possible,almost.the most studied approach has been to use hormones to suppress * production.testosterone and progesterone,when administered together,will suppress the signals from the brain to the testes to make *,and in about 90 percent of men,* production after three to four months will stop.
为什么？事实证明男性能产生许多精子。男性每秒钟就会产生上千个精子，为了获得一种有效的避孕方法，你需要把精子的生产水平降低到正常水平的百分之一。好消息是，这几乎是可能的。研究最多的方法是使用激素来抑制精子的产生。当睾丸激素和孕激素一起使用时，会抑制大脑向睾丸发出的产生精子的信号，大约90%的男性在三到四个月后会停止精子生产。

00:42:
unfortunately,10 percent of men don’t respond to these hormonal regimens for reasons that aren’t understood.for the last several years,my colleagues and I have been taking a different approach to male contraceptive development,one that d-o-e-s-n’t involve the administration of hormones.specifically,we are looking to block the function of vitamin A in the testes.w-h-y?well,for over 90 years it’s been known that you need vitamin A to make *.
很不幸，10%的男性对这些激素疗法没有反应，原因不明。在过去几年里，我和我的同事们对男性避孕药的发展采取了不同的方法，一种不需要注射激素的方法。具体地说就是，我们正在研究如果阻止维生素A在测试中的作用会怎么样。90多年来人们都知道精子需要维生素A。

01:10:
animals who are deprived of vitamin A in their diet stop making * and restart making * again when the vitamin A is reintroduced.the vitamin A that we ingest is converted by a family of enzymes to something called retinoic acid.one of these enzymes is found only in the testes.it’s this enzyme that we are attempting to block.the blocked of this enzyme should deprive the testes of retinoic acid and stop * production without affecting vitamin A’s functions elsewhere in the body.
在饮食中被剥夺维生素A的动物会停止生产精子，当维生素A重新摄入时又重新开始生产精子。我们摄取的维生素A被一系列的酶转化为一种叫做维甲酸的物质。其中一种酶只存在于睾丸中,我们要阻断的就是这种酶。这种酶的阻断会使睾丸丧失维甲酸并且阻断精子生产而不会影响维生素A在体内的功能。

01:45:
we’re testing this approach in animals and hope to move to human testing soon.obviously,the impact of such a male contraceptive would go well beyond reproductive biology.it’s interesting to speculate about the effect that it would have on relationships between men and women.one intriguing possibility is that a man could monitor his contraceptive status over time.in the last several years,two groups have introduced home *-testing devices that are iPhone-based and that are easy to use.
我们正在动物身上进行实验这种方法，希望不久能进行人体实验。很显然，这种男性避孕药的影响远远超出了生殖生物学的范围，推测它对男女关系的影响是很有趣的。一种有趣的可能性是，随着时间的推移，男性可以监控自己的避孕状况。在过去几年里，有两家公司推出了家用精子测试设备，这些设备都是基于iphone的，而且很容易使用。

02:20:
a man could test his * count and share the result with his partner.if the man’s * count were zero,the men and his partner would feel very comfortable relying on his contraceptive.a tool like this,coupled with a male contraceptive,could greatly increase the role for men in preventing unintended pregnancy.
一个男性可以测试他的精子数量，并与他的伴侣分享结果。如果男性的精子测验数为零，那么男性和他的伴侣将会很舒服的依赖男性的避孕药物。那么，像这样的工具，再加上男性避孕药，可以大大增加男性在预防意外怀孕方面的作用。

02:41:
the researchers who are working on male contraception are trying to create a better future for couples,a future where contraception is no longer considered just”a woman’s issue”,rather an issue for couples to decide together.so why does the world need a male pill?well,I believe that a male pill will help reduce the stubbornly high rates of unintended pregnancy and abortion and allow men to equally participate in contraception.
研究男性避孕的研究人员正在努力为夫妇建立一个更美好的未来，在未来，避孕不再只是女性的事情，而是夫妇共同决定的事情。所以，为什么世界需要一种男性避孕药？我相信男性避孕药将会帮助降低意外怀孕和流产的高比率，并让男性平等地参与避孕。

Thank you.