介绍： 1 how a male contraception pill could work
男性避孕药如何起效

Speaker:John Amory，约翰·阿莫里，正在领导男性避孕、男性不孕症和高血压的新选择的研究。

0:00:
When I tell people that I’m trying to develop a contraceptive pill for men,the response usually varies along gender lines.women say something like,”Fant...

介绍： 1 how a male contraception pill could work
男性避孕药如何起效

Speaker:John Amory，约翰·阿莫里，正在领导男性避孕、男性不孕症和高血压的新选择的研究。

0:00:
When I tell people that I’m trying to develop a contraceptive pill for men,the response usually varies along gender lines.women say something like,”Fantastic.it’s about time.When?”men have one of two responses.they either love the idea,or they look at me a little warily and wonder what exactly I have in store for their *.so why does the world need a male pill?
当我告诉人们我正在尝试开发一种男性避孕药时，回答通常会因为性别不同而有所不同。女性往往回答，“太棒了。只是时间的问题。什么时候呢？”男性有两种反应。他们要么喜欢这个想法，要么警惕地看着我，想知道我到底为他们的睾丸准备了什么。所以，为什么世界需要一种男性避孕药呢？

00:50:
well,what if I told you that of the six million pregnancies annually in the United States,three million of them are unintended?that’s half.that’s really surprising number.and those three million unintended pregnancies account for the vast majority of the more than one million abortions annually performed in the United States.happily,the rate of unintended pregnancy has fallen in the last few years by about 10 percent.
好，要是我告诉你在美国每年六百多万怀孕例中就有三百多万人是意外的呢？这还只是一半，数字就足以让人惊讶了。在美国每年进行的一百多万流产例中，这些意外怀孕的三百万例占了绝大多数。令人高兴的是，过去几年意外怀孕率下降了大约10%。

01:16:
this is because more women are using effective,long-acting,reversible forms of contraception.but we still have a long way to go.one approach that’s finally becoming a real possibility is better contraceptive options for men.think about it.we have over a dozen methods of contraception for women:pills,patches,IUDs,shots,sponges,rings,etc.for men,we’ve had the same options for more than a hundred years:condoms and vasectomy.
这是因为更多的女性正在使用有效的、长效的、可逆的的避孕方法，但是我们仍然有很长的路要走。一种最终成为现实可能性的方法是给男性提供更好的避孕方法。仔细想想这点，我们已经拥有超过十几种女性避孕方法：药物、贴片、宫内节育器、注射、阴道隔膜、节育环等。对于男性来说，我们已经有了上百年的相同选择:避孕套和输精管切除术。

01:53:
despite having only two options,both of which have significant drawbacks,men currently account for 30 percent of all contraceptive use,with 10 percent of couples relying on vasectomy and 20 percent of couples using condoms.w-h-y are 20 percent of couples relying on condoms for contraception when condoms have one-year failure rate of over 15 percent?
尽管有两个选择，但这两种都有明显的缺陷，男性目前占避孕方法使用总量的30%，10%的夫妇需要输精管切除术，20%的夫妇需要安全套。为什么20%的夫妇依靠避孕套避孕，而避孕套一年的失败率超过15% 呢?

02:18:
it’s because many women can’t either safely take currently available female contraceptives,for reasons such as blood clots,or they can’t tolerate the side effects.so if we think a male contraceptive would be useful,the next question is:how do we go about developing one?well,there’s two general approaches.the first approach is to try and interfere with the way the * swim towards or bind to the egg.
这是因为许多女性不能安全的服用现有的女性避孕药物，原因比如血液凝块，或者因为他们不能忍受副作用。所以，如果我们认为男性避孕药有用，那么下一个问题就是：我们该如何去开发它呢？这里有两种通用的方法。第一种方法是尝试干扰精子游向卵子或与卵子结合的方式。

02:44:
this approach turns out to be really difficult,because it’s hard to get enough medication in the small volume of the ejaculate and have it still work inside the female reproductive tract.this is why there’s been a lot more work d-o-n-e on the second approach,which is turning off * production entirely.this is also challenging.
事实证明这种方法很难，因为在少量的精子量里很难获得足够的药物并使其在女性生殖系统里仍然有效。这就是为什么在第二种方法上做了更多的工作，也就是完全停止精子生产，这同样很具有挑战性。