介绍： 2 The happy secret to better work

Speaker：Shawn Achor，肖恩·阿霍尔，心理学家，好思想公司的首席执行官，他在那里研究和教授积极心理学。

00:00:
I was an officer of Harvard to counsel students through the difficult four years.and what I found in my research and my teaching is that these students,no matter how h...

介绍： 2 The happy secret to better work

Speaker：Shawn Achor，肖恩·阿霍尔，心理学家，好思想公司的首席执行官，他在那里研究和教授积极心理学。

00:00:
I was an officer of Harvard to counsel students through the difficult four years.and what I found in my research and my teaching is that these students,no matter how happy they were with their original success of getting into the school,two weeks later their brains were focused,not on the privilege of being there,nor on their philosophy or their physics.
我作为Harvard的咨询师帮助学生们在四年大学时光进行心理咨询，在我的研究和教学中，我发现，无论这些学生入学之前取得的成功让他们多么快乐，两周之后他们的注意力就不在作为一名Harvard学子的荣耀感了，也不在哲学或者物理学上面，他们的注意力集中在竞争、作业、 各种烦恼、压力和抱怨上面。

their brain was focused on the competition,the workload,the hassles,the stresses,the complaints.when I first went in there,I walked into the freshmen dining hall,which is where my friends from Texaco,which is where I grew up--I know some of you have heard of it.
当我第一次开始工作的时候，我走进了新生食堂，我的来自德克萨斯州瓦克市的朋友在那里等我，我就是在瓦克市长大的，我知道你们可能有人听说过这个地方。

when they’d come to visit me they’d look around,they’d say,”this freshman dining hall looks like something out of Hogwarts from the movie”Harry Potter,”which it does.this is Hogarth from the movie”Harry Potter”and that’s Harvard.and when they see this,”they say,”Shawn,why do you waste your time studying happiness at Harvard?
他们来看望我，并在食堂里四处参观，他们说，“这个新生食堂看起来有点像电影哈利·波特里面霍格瓦茨魔法学校的食堂。”的确那个食堂是挺像的，这边的是电影哈利·波特里面霍格瓦茨魔法学校的食堂，另一边是Harnard的食堂。当他们看到这些时，他们说，“肖恩，你为什么浪费时间在Harnard研究快乐这个问题呢？

00:38:
seriously,what does a Harvard student possibly have to be unhappy about?”embedded within that question is the key to understanding the science of happiness.backstage what that question assumes is that our external world is predictive of our happiness levels,when in reality,if I know everything about your butterball world,I can only predict 10 percent of your long-term happiness.
说真的，Harnard大学的学生有什么感到不快乐的理由么？”这个问题恰恰包含了理解快乐这门科学的关键，因为这个问题假设通过外部条件是可以预测我们的快乐程度的。但实际上，如果我了解你所有的外部条件，我只能预测你长期快乐程度的10%。

90 percent of your long-term happiness is predicted not by the external world,but by the way your brain processes the world.and if we change it,if we change our formula(准则) for happiness and success,what we can do is change the way that we can then affect reality.what we found is that only 25 percent of job successes are predicted by IQ.75 percent of job successes are predicted by your optimism levels,your social support and your ability to see stress as a challenge of as a threat.
剩下的90%都不是靠外部条件可以预测的，而是取决于你的大脑如何理解这个世界。如果我们做一点改变，改变我们关于快乐和成功的定义准则。我们需要改变自己影响现实的方式，我们发现只有25%的职业成功是由IQ决定的。其余75%是由你的积极程度、人脉 以及把压力视为挑战而不是威胁的能力决定的。

I talked to a boarding school up in New England,probably the most prestigious boarding school,and they said,”we already know that.so every year,instead of just teaching our students,we also have a wellness week.and we’re so excited.
我跟新英格兰一个寄宿学校谈起这个问题，这个学校应该是最著名的寄宿学校。他们说，“我们知道这个问题，所以每年，我们不仅教学，我们还有一周健康课。这个事情让我们都很兴奋。

Monday night we have the world’s leading expert coming in to speak about adolescent depression.Tuesday night it’s school violence and bullying.Wednesday night is eating disorders.Thursday night is elicit drug use.and Friday we’re trying to decide between risky sex or happiness.”I said,”that’s most people’s Friday nights.”which I’m glad you liked.
周一晚上请世界著名专家来讲青少年抑郁问题，周二晚上讲校园暴力和恃强欺弱问题，周三晚上是饮食紊乱问题，周四晚上是吸du问题，周五晚上我们正在讨论危险的性行为与快乐之间的抉择。我说，“大多数人周五晚都考虑这个”。很高兴你们喜欢这个回答。

but they did not like that at all.resilience on the phone.and into the silence,I said,”I’d be happy to speak at your school,but just so you know,that’s not a wellness week,that’s a sickness week.what you’ve done is you’ve outlined all the negative things that can happen,but not talked about the positive.”the absence of disease is not health.here’s how we get to health:we need to reserve the formula for happiness and success.
但是他们似乎一点都不喜欢电话里一阵沉默，为了打破沉默，我说“我很乐意在贵校做演讲， 但是你们也知道，这其实不是健康周，而是疾病周，你们列出了可能发生的消极事情，却没有提到积极的方面。” 没有疾病并不代表健康，我们应该这样获得健康：我们需要重新定义健康和成功的概念。

02:15:
in the past three years,I’ve traveled to 45 different countries,working with schools and companies in the midst of an economic downturn.and what I found is that most companies and schools follow a formula for success,which is this:if I work harder,I’ll be more successful.and if I’m more successful,then I’ll be happier.that undergirds most of our parenting styles,our managing styles,the way that we motivate our behave.
过去的三年里，我到过45个国家和那里的学校、公司合作，在这个经济危机时期，我发现大部分公司和学校有这样一个成功的准则，就是如果我更努力，我就会更成功，如果我更成功，我就会更快乐。这符合我们大多数父母的教育方式，以及公司的管理方式，也符合我们行为激励的原则。

and problem is it’s scientifically broken and backwards for two reasons.first,every time your brain has a success,you just changed the goalpost of what success looked like.
但问题是从科学角度说这个观点是不成立的，是落后的，有两点原因。第一，每次你觉得成功的时候，你就会对成功重新进行定义。

02:42:
you got good grades,now you have to get better grades,you got into a school and after you get into a better school,you got a good job,now you have to get a better job,you hit your sales target,we’re going to change your sales target.and if happiness is on the opposite side of success,your brain never gets there.what we’ve done is we’ve pushed happiness over the cognitive horizon as a society.and that’s backstage we think we have to be successful,then we’ll be happier.
比如你取得了好成绩，接下来你必须取得更好的成绩，你进了一所好学校，接下来你必须进入更好的学校，你找到了一个好工作，下一步你得找到一个更好的工作，你达到了销售目标，下一步必须制定更多的销售目标。如果说快乐在成功的相反面，你永远不会得到快乐。我们所做的是把成功抬高到了社会的认知层面以外，这是因为我们觉得我们必须成功，这样才会快乐。

but the real problem is our brains work in the opposite order.if you can raise somebody’s level of depository in the present,then their brain experiences what we now call a happiness advantage,which is your brain at positive performs significantly better than it does at negative,neutral or stressed.your intelligence rises,your creativity rises,your energy levels rise.
但真正的问题是我们的大脑却在相反的方向运行，如果你现在可以提高某个人的积极心理程度，那么他的大脑就会经历我们称为快乐优势论的过程，这时你的大脑在积极方面的表现，明显优于它在消极、中立或者沮丧方面的表现。你的智商提高、创造力提高，精力也提高了

03:19:
in fact,what we’ve found is that every single business outcome improves.your brain at positive is 31 percent more productive than your brain at negative,neutral or stressed.you’ve 37 percent better at sales.doctors are 19 percent faster,more accurate at coming up with the correct diagnosis when positive instead of negative neutral or stressed，which means we can reverse the formula.
事实上，我们发现每件事的结果都改善了，处于积极状态的大脑的生产力比处于消极、中立或者沮丧状态下高31%，你的销售额能提高37%，医生得出正确诊断的速度和准确率也提高了19%。当他的大脑处于积极状态而不是消极、中立或沮丧状态下，这意味着我们可以彻底改变这个准则。

if we can find a way of becoming positive in the present,then our brains work even more successfully as we’re able to work harder,faster and more intelligently.
如果现在我们可以找到一种使自己变得积极的方法，那么大脑运转会更成功，我们会工作得更努力、更快速、更聪明。

03:47:
what we need to be able to do is to reverse this formula so we can Stewart to see what our brains are actually capable of.backstage Dramamine,which floods into your system when you’re positive,has two functions.not only does it make you happier.

it turns on all of the learning centers in your brain allowing you to adapt to the world in a different way.we’ve found that there are ways that you can train your brain to be able to become more positive.

in just a two-minute span of time done for 21 days in a row,we can actually rewire your brain,allowing your brain to actually work more optimistically and more successfully.we’ve done these things in research now in every single company that I’ve worked with,getting them to write down three new things that they’re grateful for for 21 days in a row,three new things each day.

04:25:
and at the end of that,their brain starts to retain pattern of Toscanini the world,not for the negative,but for the positive first.journalist about one positive experience you’ve had over the past 24 hours allows your brain to relive it.exercise teaches your brain that your behavior matters.

we find that Lamentations allows your brain to get over the cultural ADHD that we’ve been creating by trying to do multiple tasks at once and allows our brains to focus on the task at hand.and finally,random acts of kindness are conscious of kindness.we get people,he they open up their boxing,to write one positive email praising or thanking somebody in their social support network.

and by doing these activities and by training your brain just like we train our bodies,what we’ve found can reverse the formula for happiness and success,and doing so,not only create ripples of positivity,but create a real revolution.

Thank you very much.