介绍： China's Trade Surplus Tops $1 Trillion, Underscoring Its Export Dominance
China's trade surplus in goods this year topped $1 trillion for the first time, a milestone that underscores the dominance that the country has attained in everything from high-end electric vehicles to low-end T-shirts. For the first 11...

介绍： China's Trade Surplus Tops $1 Trillion, Underscoring Its Export Dominance
China's trade surplus in goods this year topped $1 trillion for the first time, a milestone that underscores the dominance that the country has attained in everything from high-end electric vehicles to low-end T-shirts. For the first 11 months of the year, China's exports increased 5.4% from the year-earlier period to $3.4 trillion, while the country's imports declined 0.6% over that same stretch to $2.3 trillion.
That remarkable figure, never before seen in recorded economic history, is the culmination of decades of industrial policies and human industriousness that helped China become the world's second-largest economy.
China's industrial heft has long been well-known to its trading partners, becoming a central point of contention in its relations with the world.
Despite the mounting geopolitical headwinds and efforts by the U.S. and other economies to diversify away from China, few economists expect China's trade momentum to meaningfully slow in the months and years ahead. Economists at Morgan Stanley, for instance, predict the country's share of global goods exports to reach 16.5% by the end of the decade, from roughly 15% now.
Such a trajectory has raised alarms around the world, especially in Europe, which has seen its longtime strength in automobiles, technology and even luxury goods eroded by the rise of nimble Chinese competitors.
It's not just Europe, says Eskelund of the European chamber. "I have no doubt that we'll see more, not less, in terms of all of these trade defense initiatives all over the world," he said.
生词好句
trade surplus 贸易顺差（经济学术语，指出口额减去进口额后剩下的部分）
surplus n. 盈余，结余
Fortunately the company's bank account is currently in surplus.幸好目前公司的银行账户里还有结余。
top 英 [tɒp] 美 [tɑːp] v. 超过，突破
The film topped $1 billion at the global box office.这部电影全球票房突破 10 亿美元。
Apple Tops Market Value of $3 Trillion 苹果市值突破 3 万亿美元
Inflation Hits New High 通胀率创下新高
underscore 英 [ˌʌndəˈskɔː] 美 [ˌʌndərˈskɔːr] v.（本文）强调、凸显；在……下面划线
The pandemic underscored the importance of public health systems.疫情凸显了公共卫生体系的重要性。
the year-earlier period 上一年同期（the same period a year earlier）
month-earlier figures 上月同期数据
week-earlier sales 上周同期销售额
day-earlier data 前一天数据
over that same stretch 在相应时期内（during that same period of time）
stretch n. 一段时间
Unemployment remained low for a long stretch of time.失业率长期保持低位。
同义表达：over that same period（更正式）
remarkable 英 [rɪˈmɑːkəbl] 美 [rɪˈmɑːrkəbl] adj. 显著的，令人惊叹的
辨析: remarkable vs. extraordinary vs. outstanding
区别：remarkable语气恰到好处，适度赞叹而不过分夸张；extraordinary语气夸张；outstanding偏向“优于他人”。
industriousness 英 [ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs] 美 [ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs] n. 勤勉精神
industriousness与industrial同源，二者都源自拉丁语“industria”，原意是“勤劳、辛勤劳作”：物质化方向发展出 industry（产业）和industrial（工业的）；人格化方向则衍生出 industrious（勤奋的）和industriousness（勤勉精神）。两者同源却各自生长：一个代表物的兴盛，一个象征人的精神。
Industrial growth is built upon human industriousness. 工业的增长，根植于人类的勤勉。
mounting 英 [ˈmaʊntɪŋ] 美 [ˈmaʊntɪŋ] adj. 不断上升的，逐渐增加的（比increasing、rising更紧迫）
He was under mounting pressure to resign.他面临着越来越大的辞职压力。
headwind 英 [ˈhedwɪnd] 美 [ˈhedwɪnd] n. （本文）阻力，不利因素；逆风，顶头风（气象和航空术语）
The company faces economic headwinds this year.这家公司今年面临着经济阻力。
tailwind n. 顺风，助力；利好因素