介绍： 1.*include [ɪn'kluːd]
vt. 包含，包括
The bill includes tax and service.
这个账单包括了税费和服务费。

2.*exclude [ɪk'skluːd]
vt. 排除，排斥，不包括，
The price excludes local taxes.
这个价格不包括地方税。
exclusive adj. 独有的，独家的，排外的

3.*conclude [kən'kluːd]
v. 得出…结论
It's difficult to guess wh...

介绍： 1.*include [ɪn'kluːd]
vt. 包含，包括
The bill includes tax and service.
这个账单包括了税费和服务费。

2.*exclude [ɪk'skluːd]
vt. 排除，排斥，不包括，
The price excludes local taxes.
这个价格不包括地方税。
exclusive adj. 独有的，独家的，排外的

3.*conclude [kən'kluːd]
v. 得出…结论
It's difficult to guess what they will conclude from the evidence.
很难猜到他们将会从证据中得出什么结论。
conclusion n. 结论

4.preclude [prɪ'kluːd]
vt. 排除; 妨碍，阻止
His contract precludes him from discussing his work with anyone outside the company.
合同里规定他不得与公司之外的任何人谈论他的工作。

5.*hamper ['hæmpə]
vt. 妨碍
hamper traffic 阻碍交通

6.*hinder ['hɪndə]
v. 阻碍
Do not let your yesterday hinder tomorrow’s achievements.
别让昨天阻碍你成就辉煌的明天。

7.*obstruct [əb'strʌkt]
v. 妨碍，阻塞，遮断
After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by collapsed buildings.
地震后，坍塌的建筑阻塞了许多道路。
obstruction n. 障碍
cognitive obstruction 认知障碍/psychological obstruction 心理障碍

8.*barrier ['bærɪə]
n. 屏障，障碍，界限
language barrier 语言障碍
tariff barrier关税壁垒

9.*block [blɒk]
n. 块，区，障碍
vt. 阻止，挡，限制
My view was blocked by a tall man in front of me.
在我前面的那个高个子男人挡住了我的视线。

10.*jam [dʒæm]
v. 塞入，挤进，堵塞
n. 果酱；拥挤，困境
traffic jam 交通堵塞