by Lindsay Planer

This was one of the Sun Ra titles to have been released on the mainstream jazz label Impulse! in the 1970s. According to

Robert L. Campbell

's liner notes in the CD reissue of Pathways to Unknown Worlds (1975) -- which is coupled with the completed yet initially shelved

Friendly Love

(1973) -- the record was likewise the final in a trio of works to have been mixed in quadraphonic sound. While the three free jazz instrumental improvisations are in many respects quite similar to the laissez-faire sonic free for alls that had become synonymous with Ra's concurrent

Arkestra(s)

, there are quite a few discernible distinctions. Chief is the presence of

Ronnie Boykins

(bass). Much like

Marshall Allen

(alto sax/oboe) and

John Gilmore

(tenor sax/percussion),

Boykins

had come up through Ra's ranks and his brilliant and expressive offerings to the

Arkestras

had garnered the bassist favorable notice among his peers. As such, by the early '70s his contributions had significantly tapered off. However,

Boykins

' appearance on this effort seems to be neither lauded nor maligned. True to form, his solos -- as

Campbell

describes so aptly in the aforementioned essay -- "inevitably make him a focal point of this album." Another sonic element that immediately puts the project into perspective is Ra's incorporation of Moog synthesizer keyboards, which began to augment his various combinations of electric piano and organ. His perpetual experimentations with the instrument's textures, and its seemingly endless array of frequency responses, provide one of the more consistent motifs on "Pathways to Unknown Worlds," "Extension Out," and "Cosmo-Media." They would remain a source of inspiration and presumably amusement for Ra, both on-stage and in the studio. The

Pathways to Unknown Worlds/Friendly Love

(2000) two-fer also boasts an additional "Untitled" performance that had been dismissed due to a variety of audio anomalies. While the restoration is far from perfect, enthusiasts will be pleased.